Example 3-4 retrieved the 20 most recent posts in your personal Instagram feed (the maximum permitted by a sandboxed application). Of interest for data mining pur-poses might be to filter this feed by the user-submitted hashtags that are all over Instagram.
Hashtag use began around 2007 on Twitter as a means of grouping tweets, and in 2009 they were hyperlinked to enable searching for results containing the same hash-tags. They’re also used to measure trending topics and have proved very versatile. Hashtags are a way for users to add their own metadata, allowing them to contribute to particular conversations happening on the platform and to reach a wider audience.