In summary, the three-phase PZT–NZF

In summary, the three-phase PZT–NZF/CF composite thick flexible films, as well as pure PVDF and PZT–PVDF films were successfully fabricated by hot press method. SEM results showed that the ceramic particles of ferroelectric and ferrite phases were dispersed homogeneously in the PVDF matrix while AFM confirmed that the size of the particles is around 30 nm. P–E hysteresis loops of PVDF–PZT–ferrite show unsaturated lossy loop which is further ascribed to the relatively high conductivity of NZF/CF phases. Leakage current density measurements confirmed that NZF-containing composites are less conductive than CF-containing ones. Magnetic measurements confirmed that the higher Mr is observed in semi-hard PZT–CF composites in comparison with soft PZT–NZF films. The existence of ferroelectric PZT phase, and its increase, result in decrease of all magnetic parameters. Value of dielectric constant of pure PVDF film (~10) is found to be enlarged by addition of PZT and PZT–NZF/CF fillers and the values are around 30 and 22, respectively