多倍体是真核生物基因组进化的主要推动力；许多动物和所有的开花植物都是多

Polyploid is the main driving force of evolution of eukaryotic genomes; many animals and all the flowering plants are polyploid or too many times experienced the process. Arabidopsis research at home and abroad are polyploid polyploid evolution and character variation of the model plant. Although we have made some early breakthroughs to study Arabidopsis polyploid A. suecica, but its donor A. arenosa A subgenomic has not been sequenced to polyploidy created a significant obstacle. We take molecular evolution, genomics, systems biology and genetic apparent, the use of second-generation whole genome sequencing, PacBio three generations of sequencing, Hi-C chromatin three-dimensional genome sequencing and RNAseq sequencing and other advanced technology, completed a natural A. suecica and newly synthesized the genome of A. suecica, and extract the A. arenosa A. thaliana genome and the genomes of 200,000-300,000 before. contig N50 respectively 6.56Mb and 6.80Mb, either SNP, InDel or SV (structural variations), T subgenomic greater difference between the estimated Allotetraploid parent A subgenomic compared. LTR insertion time analysis shows that, A more active compared to T genomic insertion event, Allotetraploid evolution T subunit speculate greater parental genomic variation compared to the process. Parent methylation level A.thaliana A.arenosa below, but the difference compared A.thaliana A.arenosa hypermethylation region, with the majority of A.suecica A subgenomic methylation T drops to the level of subgenomic , and the closely related gene expression patterns methyl trend, showing convergence; F1,733 low differentially methylated region 738 a and subgenomic produced, a high percentage of A. suecica exist, showing the passage of the phenomenon. By the synthesis of molecular mechanisms and polyploid polyploid evolution and domestication of the study "transcription shock", each of which methylation modification approach provides an important clue to its epigenetic breeding corresponds, in the family expansion analysis contraction, there are differences between the groups and the parent heterologous subgenomic tetraploid. Ethylene is a plant hormone, can promote fruit ripening and maturation, but inhibited the hypocotyl elongation. Application of exogenous ethylene may be eliminated biomass F1 hybrid vigor in Arabidopsis, suggesting that ethylene having a negative effect in Hybrid. The circadian integrated into an optical signal and ethylene production in plant biomass resulting in heterosis. The results of this research project will lead to other related areas, such as the evolution of polyploid crops, domestication and trait improvement. The project has published 5 SCI papers. Research project implementation process, carried out extensive cooperation at home and abroad, and has made this issue in the Conference on

Polyploids are the main driver of the evolution of eukaryotic genomes; many animals and all flowering plants are polyploids or have undergone polyxing processes. Amoeba polyploid is a model plant for studying polyploid evolution and character variation at home and abroad. Although early on we have amoeba a. Suecica's research has made some breakthroughs, but its A subgenome donor A. Arenosa has not been sequenced, creating great obstacles to polyploid research. We used advanced technologies such as molecular evolution, genomics, epigenetics and system biology to complete natural A. suecica and new synthesis A. suecica's genome and extract A. Arenosa genome and 20-30 million before A. Thaliana genome. Contig N50 reached 6.56Mb and 6.80Mb, respectively, whether SNP, InDel or SV (structural variation), and the A subgenome had a greater difference between heolystenoids and presumptive parentes compared to the T subgenome. THE ANALYSIS OF LTR INSERTION TIME SHOWED THAT A WAS MORE ACTIVE THAN THE T-GENOME INSERTION EVENT, AND THAT THE T SUBGENOME WAS MORE VARIABLE THAN THE PRESUMED PARENT IN THE EVOLUTION OF HEOGENOUS TETRAPLOIDS. The level of methylation a. thaliana in the progeny is lower than A. arenosa, but a. areanosa's difference salynosa compared to A. thaliana is high methylation area, mostly with A.suecica A subgenome methylation down to T subgenome level, and gene expression patterns are closely related to methylation trends, showing convergence The high proportion of low methylation regions produced in the A subgenome in F1, 733 and 738, which is present in A.suecica, shows the phenomenon of passage. The evolution and domestication of the molecular mechanism and the "transcription shock" of polyploids were studied, and each methylation modification pathway provided important clues for the corresponding epigenetic breeding, and in the analysis of family shrinkage expansion, there were differences between subgenomes and progenitor and heteroid seromers. Ethylene is a plant hormone that promotes fruit ripening and maturation, but inhibits the elongation of the embryo shaft. The application of exogenous ethylene can eliminate biomass vitality in the F1 hybrid of amoeba, which shows that ethylene has a negative effect in the hybrid advantage. The integration of circadian rhythms and light signals into ethylene production leads to the hybrid advantage of biomass in plants. The results of this project will lead to research in other related areas, such as the evolution, domestication, and character improvement of polyploid crops. This project published a total of 5 SCI papers. In the course of the implementation of the project, extensive cooperation at home and abroad was carried out, and the research results obtained on this topic have been obtained at several conferences

Polyploidy is the main driving force of eukaryote genome evolution; many animals and all flowering plants are polyploid or have experienced the process of polyploidy. Arabidopsis polyploid is a model plant which studies polyploid evolution and character variation at home and abroad. Although we have made some breakthrough in the research of Arabidopsis polyploid a. suecaca in the early stage, the donor a. arenosa of its A-genome has not been sequenced, which has caused great obstacles to the research of polyploidy. By using the methods of molecular evolution, genomics, epigenetics and systems biology, we have completed the genome of natural a. suecaca and newly synthesized a. suecaca, and extracted a. arenosa genome and A. thaliana genome 200000-300000 years ago, using advanced technologies such as the second generation sequencing of the whole genome, pacbio third generation sequencing, Hi-C chromatin three-dimensional genome sequencing and rnaseq sequencing. Contrag N50 reached 6.56mb and 6.80mb, respectively. Whether SNP, indel or Sv (structural variation), the difference between heterotetraploid and putative parents of A-genome was greater than that of t-genome. The analysis of LTR insertion time showed that a was more active than t genome insertion event, and the variation of T sub genome in heterotetraploid evolution was greater than that of putative parents. The methylation level of A.thaliana in parents was lower than a.arenosa, but the difference between a.arenosa and A.thaliana was higher. Most of them decreased to the level of t-subgroups with the methylation of a.sueica, and the gene expression pattern was closely related to the methylation trend, showing a convergence phenomenon. The difference and low methylation areas in f1733 and 738 were high proportion It exists in a.suecaca and shows the phenomenon of generations. The molecular mechanism of polyploid evolution and domestication and the study of "transcription shock" after polyploid synthesis, each methylation modification pathway provides an important clue for the corresponding epigenetic breeding. In the family contraction and expansion analysis, there are differences between subgenomes and between parents and heterotetraploids. Ethylene is a plant hormone, which can promote the ripening and ripening of fruit, but inhibit the elongation of hypocotyl. The application of exogenous ethylene can eliminate the biomass activity of Arabidopsis F1 hybrids, indicating that ethylene has a negative effect on heterosis. Integrating circadian rhythms and light signals into ethylene production leads to Heterosis of biomass in plants. The results of this project will guide the research in other related fields, such as the evolution, domestication and character improvement of polyploid crops. Five SCI papers were published in this project. During the implementation of the project, a wide range of domestic and foreign cooperation has been carried out, and the research results of this topic have been achieved in several conferences<br>