Halophytes toleratethese ions because of their superior ability to sequester cytotoxicNa+in root and leaf cell vacuoles – a trait conferred by the consti-tutive expression of tonoplast Na+/H+NHX exchangers (Apse andBlumwald, 2007) complemented by the efficient control of slow(SV) and fast (FV) vacuolar ion channels (Bonales-Alatorre et al.,2013a,b) to prevent Na+from leaking back into the cytosol. In con-trast, glycophytic crops possess only a limited ability to use Na+forosmotic adjustment and rely heavily on de novo synthesis of organicosmolytes.