摘要：在如今国内国外对于土壤种植的研究中，更多关注于土壤盐化问题，对碱

摘要：在如今国内国外对于土壤种植的研究中，更多关注于土壤盐化问题，对碱化问题的报道很少。事实上，盐碱是两种不同的胁迫，二者不仅对植物的胁迫作用不同，而且植物对其适应机制也不同。植物的抗碱研究，主要在于碱胁迫的作用机制和植物的抗碱机制两方面。通过在人工控制盐碱胁迫的条件下，研究并比较盐碱两种胁迫对植物的影响以及它们的抗碱生理机制。结论：（1）盐碱胁迫下植物金属离子的积累、转运和平衡并不是静止的，而是个动态的变化过程，不同品种的变化过程势必有所不同，今后的研究可从甜菜植株不同部位的Na+等离子流速的变化展开。 （2）游离态多胺代谢调节是甜菜适应碱性盐胁迫的一种生理机制，然而碱性盐胁迫下甜菜多胺合成的具体途径尚不清楚。多胺的合成涉及多种酶的催化作用，下一步研究可以从精氨酸脱羧酶、S-腺苷蛋氨酸脱羧酶及鸟氨酸脱羧酶等活性的变化，探究碱胁迫下催化甜菜多胺合成的关键酶。 （3）本研究通过 RNA 测序鉴定了一些与甜菜响应碱性盐胁迫相关的基因、lncR NAs 和mi RNA，下一步应选取部分基因或非编码 RNA 进行克隆，并转入到拟南芥、烟草等模式植物中，验证其功能，为甜菜等作物的耐盐碱转基因育种提供候选基因。（4）盐胁迫与碱胁迫相比，均具有渗透胁迫和离子毒害，但碱胁迫还涉及高pH伤害；（5）碱胁迫对植物的生长和光合抑制远大于相同浓度的盐胁迫；（6）碱胁迫下有机酸积累是植物细胞离子平衡和pH调节的关键生理机制；（7）不同有机酸在不同植物中起不同作用。

摘要：在如今国内国外对于土壤种植的研究中，更多关注于土壤盐化问题，对碱化问题的报道很少。 事实上，盐碱是两种不同的胁迫，二者不仅对植物的胁迫作用不同，而且植物对其适应机制也不同。 植物的抗碱研究，主要在于碱胁迫的作用机制和植物的抗碱机制两方面。 通过在人工控制盐碱胁迫的条件下，研究并比较盐碱两种胁迫对植物的影响以及它们的抗碱生理机制。 结论：（1）盐碱胁迫下植物金属离子的积累、转运和平衡并不是静止的，而是个动态的变化过程，不同品种的变化过程势必有所不同，今后的研究可从甜菜植株不同部位的Na+等离子流速的变化展开。 （2）游离态多胺代谢调节是甜菜适应碱性盐胁迫的一种生理机制，然而碱性盐胁迫下甜菜多胺合成的具体途径尚不清楚。 多胺的合成涉及多种酶的催化作用，下一步研究可以从精氨酸脱羧酶、S-腺苷蛋氨酸脱羧酶及鸟氨酸脱羧酶等活性的变化，探究碱胁迫下催化甜菜多胺合成的关键酶。 （3）本研究通过 RNA 测序鉴定了一些与甜菜响应碱性盐胁迫相关的基因、lncR NAs 和mi RNA，下一步应选取部分基因或非编码 RNA 进行克隆，并转入到拟南芥、烟草等模式植物中，验证其功能，为甜菜等作物的耐盐碱转基因育种提供候选基因。 （4）盐胁迫与碱胁迫相比，均具有渗透胁迫和离子毒害，但碱胁迫还涉及高pH伤害；（5）碱胁迫对植物的生长和光合抑制远大于相同浓度的盐胁迫；（6）碱胁迫下有机酸积累是植物细胞离子平衡和pH调节的关键生理机制；（7）不同有机酸在不同植物中起不同作用。

Abstract: in the research of soil planting at home and abroad, more attention has been paid to the problem of soil salinization, and there are few reports on alkalization. In fact, saline alkali is two kinds of different stresses. They not only have different stress effects on plants, but also have different adaptive mechanisms. The research of plant alkali resistance mainly lies in the mechanism of alkali stress and the mechanism of plant alkali resistance. Under the condition of artificial control of saline alkali stress, the effects of two kinds of saline alkali stress on plants and their physiological mechanism of alkali resistance were studied and compared. Conclusion: (1) the accumulation, transport and balance of metal ions in plants under saline alkali stress are not static, but dynamic. The change process of different varieties is bound to be different. Future research can be carried out from the change of Na + plasma velocity in different parts of sugar beet plants. (2) The regulation of free polyamine metabolism is a physiological mechanism of Sugarbeet adapting to alkaline salt stress. However, the specific pathway of polyamine synthesis in sugar beet under alkaline salt stress is still unclear. The synthesis of polyamines involves the catalysis of many enzymes. In the next step, we can explore the key enzymes that catalyze the synthesis of Sugarbeet polyamines from the changes of arginine decarboxylase, S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase and ornithine decarboxylase. (3) In this study, we identified some genes, lncr NAS and miRNAs related to Sugarbeet response to alkaline salt stress by RNA sequencing. In the next step, we should select some genes or non coding RNAs to clone and transfer them into Arabidopsis thaliana, tobacco and other model plants to verify their functions, so as to provide candidate genes for salt tolerance transgenic breeding of Sugarbeet and other crops. (4) Compared with alkali stress, salt stress has osmotic stress and ion toxicity, but alkali stress also involves high pH injury; (5) alkali stress inhibits plant growth and photosynthesis much more than salt stress of the same concentration; (6) accumulation of organic acids under alkali stress is the key physiological mechanism of ion balance and pH regulation in plant cells; (7) different organic acids play different roles in different plants.<br>