In order to measure the production of ROS in cells, 16hbe cells in logarithmic growth phase were selected to inoculate 9×10^3 cells per well in 96-well plates, and a certain concentration of PM2.5 and PM2.5 model particles were infected for 48h. The cells were washed twice with PBS buffer, and 10 μM dichlorofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA) (Sigma Aldrich) was added and then incubated at 37° C. in the dark for 30 min. Finally, after washing with serum-free MEM three times to completely remove the DCFH-DA that did not enter the cells, the DCF fluorescence signal was measured with a microplate reader with excitation wavelength and emission wavelength of 488nm and 525nm, respectively.
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