The properties of cement-bonded composites are influenced by wood element characteristics (species, size, geometry, chemical composition), cement type, wood-water-cement ratio, environmental temperature, and cure time. They are heavier than conventional wood-based composites but lighter than concrete. Therefore they can replace concrete in construction, specifically in applications that are not subjected to loads. Wood-cement composites provide an option for using wood residues, or even agricultural residues. However, species selection can be important because many species contain sugars and extractives that retard the cure of cement.