The outline of the article is as fo

The outline of the article is as follows. After describing the scientific community’s historical ambivalence about privatizing research and a subsequent shift in its view toward accepting commercial activity, we for mulate predictions linking socialization and social influences to scientists’ propensities to become academic entrepreneurs (i.e., to found or join the scientific advisory board of a new biotechnology firm). We then describe the archival data we have collected to test the predictions, which are detailed career histories of 6,000 academic scientists. We also describe the estimator we utilize and the covariates in the regressions. Finally, we present the findings and the conclusion.