Plastic deformation of metals below

Plastic deformation of metals below the recrystalization temperature is known as cold working, and is generally performed at room temperature. In some cases , however, the working may be done at mildly elevated temperatures to provide increased ductility and reduced strength. From a manufacturing viewpoint, cold working has a number of distinct advantages, and the various cold-working processes have become extremely important' ". Significant advances in recent years have extended the use of cold forming and the trend appears likely to continue.