Fig. 17 shows a comparison of the w

Fig. 17 shows a comparison of the wheel–rail force under two tracksof ES and DPFS. The peaks of the wheel–rail force under the ES andDPFS were observed at 56 Hz and 62 Hz, respectively, and thewheel–rail force under the DPFS is greater. The trend of the dynamicwheel–rail force and the total receptance is on the opposite. As shownin Fig. 18, the wheel–rail force and the total dynamic receptance of theES and DPFS track structures fluctuate when the frequency exceeds200 Hz. As a result of considering the interaction of multiple wheelsets,the fluctuation will be more evident, consistent with the conclusionsobtained in Ref. [27].