然而，大多数掺杂杂原子的合成过程，如热解、退火[4]等，都需要较高的合

However, most of the synthesis processes of doped heteroatoms, such as pyrolysis, annealing [4], etc., require a higher synthesis temperature, which is essentially different from the synthesis of non-metallic single-atom catalysts because at lower temperatures It is difficult for non-metallic heteroatoms to enter the carrier matrix and it is only chemically adsorbed on the surface of the carrier.

However, most synthesis processes involving doped atoms, such as pyrogenic solution, de-ignition, etc., require a higher synthesis temperature, which is fundamentally different from the synthesis of non-metallic monoatomic catalysts, because at lower temperatures, non-metallic hybrid atoms are difficult to enter the carrier substation and it is only chemically adsorbed on the surface of the carrier.

However, the synthesis process of most doped heteroatoms, such as pyrolysis and annealing [4], requires a higher synthesis temperature, which is essentially different from the synthesis of nonmetallic monoatomic catalysts, because it is difficult for non-metallic heteroatoms to enter the carrier matrix at a lower temperature, and it is only chemically adsorbed on the carrier surface.