Antibiotics, Quorum Quenching enzym

Antibiotics, Quorum Quenching enzymes, QSI, and QS scavengers are classes of molecules that can interfere QS and serve for the use of anti-QS strategies of which antibiotics are most widely used. However, antibiotic usage created an ignition in the epigenetic evolution making bacterial population resistant to antibiotics. Widespread use of antibiotics with the limited emergence of new antibiotics, soon all the infective microbial communities are expected to become multi-drug resistant and are expected that deaths in 2050 caused by such drug-resistant bacteria will be greater than those caused by cancer [22]. Making use of naturally derived QSI becomes a choice due to the knowledge of structure and function of phytochemicals is better than ever. Such natural QSI make use of extracts of several plants of bean sprout, chamomile, carrot, and garlic along with essential oils of several plants (e.g., lavender, eucalyptus, and citrus) [20, 23]. It is also reported that halogenated furanones are produced by the marine red alga Delisea pulchra interfere with the AHL regulatory system in several gram-negative bacteria [5]. These furanones enable the alga to influence the bacterial colonization and fouling on its own surface in the natural marine environment. Such halogenated furanones can also be synthetically developed and can be categorized as man-made anti-QS compounds, used in laboratory studies only, effective at reducing the virulence of P. aeruginosa [10].