Measurement of CIT, RIT, and PIT was feasible and reliable usingnewly developed ultrasound techniques, and CIT and RIT were associated with traditional risk factors for atherosclerosis. CIT had incremental value to traditional risk factors for differentiating patientswith LAAS stroke from control subjects, and the addition of CIT andRIT to traditional risk factors substantially increased the power for detecting LAAS stroke. Further prospective studies are warranted toassess the values of CIT and RIT for predicting cardiovascular events.