The positive relationship between perceiving the group as TG and ingroup identification also warrants further comment. The results from Sample 4 show that identification with the ingroup is moderately related to the perception of the group as TG. However, perceiving the group as TG is not redundant when taking into account degree of ingroup identification. In fact, TG explained variance on endurance of ingroup suffering over and above the effect of ingroup identification. Perceiving the group as TG was also shown to be distinctive and non-redundant from PCC.