18.6.1 The following fault conditio

18.6.1 The following fault conditions are considered and, if necessary, applied one at a time, consequential faults being taken into consideration:a) short-circuit of creepage distances and clearances between conductive parts of different polarity, if these distances are less than the values specified in Clause 28, unless the relevant part is encapsulated;b) open-circuit at the terminal of any component;c) short-circuit of capacitors, unless they comply with IEC 60384-14;d) short-circuit of any two terminals of an electronic component, other than a monolithic integrated circuit. This fault is not applied between the two circuits of an optocoupler;e) failure of triacs in the diode mode;f) failure of a monolithic integrated circuit or other circuits that cannot be assessed by the fault conditions a) to e). In this case the possible hazardous situations of the tool are assessed to ensure that safety does not rely on the correct functioning of such a component. All possible output signals are considered under fault conditions within the integrated circuit. If it can be shown that a particular output signal is unlikely to occur, then the relevant fault is not considered.Components such as thyristors and triacs are not subjected to fault condition f).Positive temperature coefficient resistors (PTC’s) are not short-circuited if they are used within their manufacturer’s declared specification.For simulation of the conditions, the tool is operated at no-load adjusted to maximum output speed.The test is conducted until failure or until one of the following occurs:– for mains-operated tools, the tool no longer draws supply current; or– steady conditions are established; or– the test samples return to within 5 K of the ambient temperature; or– a test period of 3 h has elapsed.