Clinical data are also limited by potentially biased sampling. Because EHR data are collected during health care delivery (eg, clinic visits, hospitalizations), these data oversample sicker populations. Similarly, billing data overcapture conditions and treatments that are well-compensated under current payment mechanisms. A potential approach to overcome this issue may involve wearable sensors and other “quantified self” approaches to data collection outside of the health care system. However, manysuch efforts are also biased because they oversample the healthy, wealthy, and well. These biases can result in AI-generated analyses that produce flawed associations and insights that will likely fail to generalize beyond the population in which they are generated.5