However, the general synthesis meth

However, the general synthesis method (HF and hydrothermal method) of {001} facet-exposed TiO 2 might easily collapse the morphological structure of TNT and is not desirable for scaling up the synthesis process because of the high toxicity of HF. 32 Somestudies have tried to synthesize 001-TNT by using33,34 surfactants 33,34 or adding Zn-assisted cathodic polarization 35 procedures. 35 Such previous methods are not very suitable for large-scale production. In addition, all of the reported usage of 001-TNT has been confined to photoelectrochemical energy devices such as dye sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) or supercapacitors that focus only on the electrochemical properties of TNT. Considering the unique open structure morphology and controlled reactive surface facets, 001-TNTcan be proposed as an ideal photocatalyst for VOC degradation