wherewe have used Eq. (1) to achiev

wherewe have used Eq. (1) to achieve the second equality.The term Vs − Vl is generally positive because the apparent molar volume of the atoms in the liquid is lower than in the solid. This is due to the chemical interactions between the solvent and solute atoms which cause a rearrangement of the liquid molecules and a volume reduction. For instance, while the molar volume of solid NaCl is 27 cm3/mol, its volume in diluted water solution in standard conditions is reduced to 16.6 cm3/mol [31]. It is however worth mentioning that such values would be affected by the applied pressure and temperature [32]. For instance in the case of both NaCl and SiO2 Vs − Vl tends to decrease when increasing the external pressure by several tens of MPa [33,34].