For many centuries, natural philosophers have faced two contradictory theories: one is that light is a wave, the other is that light is composed of particle flow. In 1900, Max Planck proposed that light has a certain quantized energy, which is the rudiment of the theory of duality of light. It means that light sometimes behaves as a particle, sometimes as a wave. Then the photoelectric effect confirmed that the light has particle properties. The Compton effect proves that photons have another property of particles, namely momentum. In this experiment, photons collide with electrons, and then photons and electrons move in two directions with different angles. We can use the law of conservation of energy and conservation of momentum to calculate the angle and energy of the two motions. But there is an interesting difference between photon scattering and billiard ball scattering. Photons do not slow down, they always move at the speed of light. Because with the loss of its energy and momentum, its frequency decreases and its wave length phase should increase, so its speed remains unchanged.<br>
正在翻译中..