Existing researches of traffic dyna

Existing researches of traffic dynamics regarding evolutionary game mainly focus on a single group perspective [23], [31], and there is a lack of research at the level of travelers' heterogeneity. With increasing number of novice drivers, it is necessary to consider the influence of novice drivers on route choice. Djavadian et al. considered the heterogeneity of driver proficiency and divided the drivers into novice drivers and skilled drivers, and showed that novice drivers are more likely to accept navigation system recommendations [32]. In addition, with the rapid development of expressways, more and more studies have been performed on expressways [33], [34], [35]. In this letter, we consider a network of two kinds of routes, comprising expressway and ordinary highway. Drivers who choose the expressway strategy gain both time and mental benefits: faster travel speed, better comfort experience, and lower probability of traffic jams, but they also have to pay additional fees. At the same time, novice drivers run the risk of being penalized for breaking traffic laws. Therefore, it is significant and relevant for distinct groups to provide information on whether to choose an expressway travel route.