general techniques include the foll

general techniques include the following methods: anodic oxi-dation,21,22 electrochemical deposition,23 plasma and laseretching,?4 templating,5 and sol- -gel.26 In this study, we useanodic oxidation and electrochemical deposition to create Ag/Ti0z nanotubes. The prepared super-hydrophobic coatings onAg/TiO2 nanotubes are regularly arranged; and nano-Ag par-ticles (10-30 nm) are evenly distributed on the surface orinside nanotubes. The contact angles of the super-hydrophobic-modified Ag/TiO2 nanotubes are all > 150. Thesuper-hydrophobic character has a certain inhibitory effect onthe burst release of Ag, for stable Ag release. Furthermore,the super-hydrophobic-coated Ag/TiO¿ nanotubes are effectivein inhibiting bacterial adhesion, killing the adhering bacteria,and preventing postoperative infection in vivo in rabbits.Ne prepare the TiO2 nanotube array membrane solidlyconnected to the base and regularly arranged with diameter80-100 nm and length 200-400 nm as a carrier layer onthe surface of Ti metal by electrochemical oxidation. Pulseelectrodeposition is then used to deposit the Ag nanopar-ticles regularly on the surface and inside the wall of thenanotube to form a level structure with double roughnesscomposed of nanoparticles and nanotubes. The contactangle reaches 161.6 + 0.5% after modification with PTES.Because of the special structure of the PTES moleculeCgF 13H4Si (ORe)3, the hydrophilic moiety Si-(ORe)3 is anch-ored inside of the nanotube by the non-covalent bond forcessuch as hydrogen bonds and Van der Waals force duringself-assembly, and the hydrophobic moiety CgF13 remainsoutside the tube to construct the super-hydrophobic surfacewith the nanotube array. Although the prepared super-hydrophobic surface can withstand disinfection methodssuch as cobalt irradiation and shows good ability to inhibitbacterial adhesion during bacterial culture in vitro, if themicro-structure of the super-hydrophobic surface is jeopar-dized or its super-hydrophobicity is compromised, the bac-teria can show relatively strong proliferation once theyadhere to the surface. Therefore, a compound coating mustbe integrated with the super-hydrophobic ability to inhibitbacterial adhesion and with antibacterial properties.Scholars in the textile field are the first to introduce Ag,with excellent antibacterial properties, into a super-hydrophobic surface to construct material with the doubleeffects of super-hydrophobic inhibition of bacteria and anti-bacterial properties. Yazdanshenas et al.15 adopt chemicalapproaches to spread Ag nanoparticles regularly on the sur-face of textiles to form surfaces with double roughness. Thecontact angle of the surface reaches 151 after modificationwith PTES; in vitro experiments reveal that super-hydrophobic-modified Ag/textile can effectively inhibit bac-teria: no bacteria live on the surface of the material andinhibition zones against both E. coli and S. aureus areformed. In this study, we prepare a super-hydrophobic Agcoating on the surface of Ti implants by electrochemical oxi-dation and pulse electro-deposition. In vitro, bacterial adhe-sion is observed 2 and 4 h after bacterial culture, whichbasically agrees with the clinical period of bacterial adhe-sion with implants (2-6 h after surgery, the immunity of theorganism is the lowest and antibiotics have not yet exerted