SLM is a highly complex multiphysics process, due to: large thermal gradients [41]; complex three-dimensional geometries [42]; local overheating [43,44]; local heat transfer paths that are temporally and spa- tially transient [45,46]; and, thermal powder bed resistance that is poorly understood and subject to significant experimental uncertainty [47,48]. SLM is highly dimensional, with nearly 130 variables of influence on final component quality [49,50].