In recent years, various coatings have emerged one after another, such as biomimetic adhesion [2], layer by layer assembly [3], interface polymerization [4], etc. Among them, biological heuristic methods have attracted much attention due to their advantages such as environmental friendliness, high efficiency, strong controllability, and strong versatility. Especially the dopamine coating stimulated by mussels has been widely studied. Although polydopamine (pDA) is easy to apply to substrates, can deposit on various materials, and has many potential applications, the high cost of dopamine and the unique dark color of pDA coatings may hinder certain practical applications. However, plant polyphenol coatings have attracted much attention due to their unique advantages such as low price, wide availability of raw materials, and environmental friendliness. These coatings have similar advantages to dopamine coatings, such as strong adhesion to various substrates and spontaneous polymerization under mild conditions.
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