一家公司成为母公司,并且成立子公司,可以诱使风险外部化。母公司现在只是一个股东,对子公司的违法行为不负任何责任,例如成为公众对其持有单一股份的大型上市公司的责任一样。A parent company now became simply a shareholder and was therefore, legally, no more responsible for the unlawful behavior of a subsidiary than would be a member of the public for the liabilities of a large public company in which he or she owned a single share.