In the current study, we investigated the effects of associating novel items that were presented in different modalities (visual and auditory) on brain activation patterns during both encoding and cued recall. The current study included both auditory and visual cues that were paired with both auditory and visual targets. This design allowed us to test for differences between the recall of cross-modal versus within-modal information. We also compared correct to incorrect recall performance to test for false reactivation effects.