DiagnosisTravel history is no longe

DiagnosisTravel history is no longer valid as a criterion to build a diagnosisbecause local transmission accounts for most cases ofacquisition of infection in locations where no cases have beenpreviously identified. Clinical manifestations accompanied byradiographic evaluation and laboratory diagnosis (detection ofvirus RNA) are the only possible approach for definitive diagnosis[50]. Generalizations regarding symptoms and laboratoryindices still cannot be made because SARS-CoV-2 pathologyand its clinical picture are still not completely understood.Because of variations in epidemiology and clinical features ofSARS-CoV-2 infections, physicians and specialists are stronglyrecommended to continually update their management strategieson the basis of WHO interim guidelines for diagnosis andcases definitions (suspected, probable and confirmed).The most convenient laboratory tests for SARS-CoV-2diagnosis is real-time reverse transcriptase PCR of nasopharyngealspecimens. A regularly updated source for various protocols that are based on real-time reverse transcriptasePCR assay is available online via the WHO [51]. As in anydiagnostic test, false-positive and false-negative results havebeen reported, but at a very low frequency [30]. According torecommendations of the US Centers for Disease Control andPrevention, accepted clinical specimens are bronchoalveolarlavage fluid, nasopharyngeal swabs (but not throat swabs) andblood [52]. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid samples were found tobe better than other respiratory specimens (positive rate 93%),followed by sputum samples (72%), nasal swab (63%), fibrobronchoscopebrush biopsy samples (46%), pharyngeal swab(32%) and faeces (29%) [53]. As a result of the increasingnumber of healthcare-associated infections, strict adherence touse of personal protective equipment and precautions againstairborne pathogens is highly recommended. A concise guide forhealthcare staff, researcher and public health workers has beenpublished [54].

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结果 (简体中文) 1: [复制]

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诊断 出行历史不再是进行诊断的标准， 因为 在 以前没有发现病例的地方，局部传播占大多数感染病例。伴随 影像学评估和实验室诊断（检测 病毒RNA）的临床表现是确定诊断的唯一可能方法 [50]。关于 SARS-CoV-2病理 及其临床表现仍未完全了解，因此仍无法对症状和实验室指标进行概括。 由于 SARS-CoV-2感染的流行病学和临床特征各不相同，因此医生和专家非常重视 建议 根据WHO关于诊断的临时指南和 病例定义（可疑，可能和确诊）不断更新其管理策略。诊断 SARS-CoV-2最方便的实验室测试 是鼻咽 标本的实时逆转录PCR 。 通过WHO可以在线获取基于实时逆转录酶PCR测定法的各种方案的定期更新来源[51]。如同在任何 诊断测试中一样， 已经报道了假阳性和假阴性结果，但是发生频率很低[30]。根据 美国疾病预防控制中心的建议 ，可接受的临床标本为支气管肺泡 灌洗液，鼻咽拭子（但不咽喉拭子）和 血液[52]。支气管肺泡灌洗液样本 优于其他呼吸道样本（阳性率93％）， 其次是痰液样本（72％），鼻拭子（63％），纤维支气管镜 刷活检样本（46％），咽拭子 （32％））和粪便（占29％）[53]。由于 医疗保健相关感染数量的增加，强烈建议严格遵守 使用个人防护设备的规定以及对 空气传播病原体的预防措施。 已 发布了针对医护人员，研究人员和公共卫生工作者的简明指南[54]。

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结果 (简体中文) 2:[复制]

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Diagnosis Travel history is no longer valid as a criterion to build a diagnosis because local transmission accounts for most cases of acquisition of infection in locations where no cases have been previously identified. Clinical manifestations accompanied by radiographic evaluation and laboratory diagnosis (detection of virus RNA) are the only possible approach for definitive diagnosis [50]. Generalizations regarding symptoms and laboratory indices still cannot be made because SARS-CoV-2 pathology and its clinical picture are still not completely understood. Because of variations in epidemiology and clinical features of SARS-CoV-2 infections, physicians and specialists are strongly recommended to continually update their management strategies on the basis of WHO interim guidelines for diagnosis and cases definitions (suspected, probable and confirmed). The most convenient laboratory tests for SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis is real-time reverse transcriptase PCR of nasopharyngeal specimens. A regularly updated source for various protocols that are based on real-time reverse transcriptase PCR assay is available online via the WHO [51]. As in any diagnostic test, false-positive and false-negative results have been reported, but at a very low frequency [30]. According to recommendations of the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, accepted clinical specimens are bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, nasopharyngeal swabs (but not throat swabs) and blood [52]. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid samples were found to be better than other respiratory specimens (positive rate 93%), followed by sputum samples (72%), nasal swab (63%), fibrobronchoscope brush biopsy samples (46%), pharyngeal swab (32%) and faeces (29%) [53]. As a result of the increasing number of healthcare-associated infections, strict adherence to use of personal protective equipment and precautions against airborne pathogens is highly recommended. A concise guide for healthcare staff, researcher and public health workers has been published [54].

正在翻译中..

结果 (简体中文) 3:[复制]

复制成功！

诊断 旅行历史不再是建立诊断的标准 因为本地传输占了 在没有病例的地方感染 之前确定的。临床表现伴发 放射评估和实验室诊断（检测 病毒RNA）是唯一可能的确诊方法 [50]。关于症状和实验室的概括 由于SARS-CoV-2的病理学原因，仍不能确定指标 其临床表现尚不完全清楚。 由于在流行病学和临床特征上的差异 SARS-CoV-2感染，医生和专家 建议持续更新管理策略 根据世卫组织诊断和 病例定义（疑似、可能和确诊）。 SARS-CoV-2最方便的实验室检测 鼻咽实时逆转录聚合酶链反应诊断 标本。基于实时逆转录酶的各种协议的定期更新源 PCR检测可通过世卫组织在线获得[51]。就像任何 诊断试验，假阳性和假阴性结果 有报道，但频率很低[30]。根据 美国疾病控制中心的建议 预防，可接受的临床标本是支气管肺泡 灌洗液，鼻咽拭子（但不是喉部拭子）和 血[52]。支气管肺泡灌洗液样本发现 优于其他呼吸道标本（阳性率93%）， 其次是痰标本（72%）、鼻拭子（63%）、纤维支气管镜 刷取活检标本（46%），咽拭子 （32%）和粪便（29%）[53]。由于 医疗相关感染的数量，严格遵守 个人防护用品的使用及预防措施 强烈建议使用空气传播的病原体。简明指南 医护人员、研究人员和公共卫生工作者 出版[54]。

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