In communicative translation, Newmark believes that the effect of the target text should be close to the source text. Because communicative translation pays attention to the effect but not to the content of expression, communicative translation must first be faithful to the target language and the target text readers, requiring the source language to conform to the target language and culture, without leaving doubts and obscurities to the readers. In semantic translation, the translator must first be loyal to the original author, conform to the source language culture, and explain it only when there is difficulty in understanding the connotation of the source text.
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