As an important well-established pharmacodynamic parameter, PAE refers to a period of time after the antibiotic has been completely removed from the culture medium [22]. The duration of the PAE could be influenced by various factors in which the interaction between the antibiotic and pathogen was the most significant one [23]. A long PAE antibiotic might have a favorable outcome in clinical use, such as lead to longer interval of administration, potentially reduced treatment cost and inhibition of the development of drug resistance [24,25].