在开采矿藏的过程中，应通过工程措施尽量减少对周边环境和下游地区的污染和

In the process of mining reserves, engineering measures should be used to minimize pollution and ecological damage to the surrounding environment and downstream areas, and to reduce the difficulty of vegetation restoration. Slope protection and bank protection projects include the side slopes of mining site steps, side slopes and roads and other auxiliary projects. All plans should be completed before the mining and the construction should be carried out in accordance with the schedule to prevent landslides and collapses in the field and roads, causing devastating vegetation damage. . At the same time, the downstream channels, dams, and embankments of the mining area should be properly reinforced and heightened, and the silt and sand deposited on the river bed should be regularly cleaned to prevent floods from destroying dams, farmland, highways, bridges, and houses. The comprehensive utilization of tailings is a very important part of pollution control in mining areas. It can not only reduce costs by recycling useful mineral elements, but also reduce environmental pollution; using waste ore and tailings as filling materials for underground goafs can not only save The cost can also avoid land pressure and reduce soil erosion. <br>Land reclamation and ecological restoration are the most effective ways to solve environmental protection and comprehensive management of mines. Mainly refers to the problems of land function degradation, ecological structure loss, and dysfunction caused by mining, through engineering, biological and other comprehensive measures to restore and improve the function of the ecosystem, and gradually realize the sustainable development of the mining area. The land reclamation and ecological restoration in the mining area should be synchronized with the mining activities. According to the technical characteristics of the mining period and the natural environment and other factors, the corresponding reclamation or ecological restoration plan should be made in time to avoid or reduce the damage to the environment as much as possible. Integration of mining and ecological restoration. <br>According to the research progress of vegetation restoration at home and abroad, the vegetation restoration in the mining area should adopt engineering means to store water and fix sand, biological treatment to increase soil organic matter, microorganisms and surface vegetation, and agricultural measures to afforestation, fruit planting and farming to improve the mine. Soil structure and texture, and then screening of pioneer plants with high tolerance or resistance, and establishing secondary plant communities (associated plants, dominant populations, sub-dominant populations) based on the growth of pioneer plants, recreating the ecological landscape, and gradually recovering the mining area into forest land , Orchards and cultivated land.

In the process of mining reserves, the pollution and ecological hazards to the surrounding environment and downstream areas should be minimized through engineering measures, and the difficulty of vegetation restoration should be reduced. The slope of the slope protection project, including the slope of the mining site steps, slope and highway and other ancillary works, should be fully planned and constructed at the progress schedule before mining, so as to prevent landslides and collapses in mining sites and highways, resulting in destructive vegetation damage. At the same time, it is necessary to properly strengthen and raise the silt silt from the riverbed in the lower reaches of the mining area, such as river channels, dams and embankments, so as to prevent floods from destroying dams, farmlands, roads, bridges and houses. The comprehensive utilization of tailings is a very important link in the pollution control of mining areas, which can not only reduce the cost by recovering useful mineral elements, but also reduce environmental pollution. <br>Land reclamation and ecological restoration are the most effective ways to solve the environmental protection and comprehensive management of mine. It mainly refers to the degradation of land function, ecological structure and dysfunction caused by mining, and gradually realizethed the sustainable development of mining area by means of engineering, biological and other comprehensive measures to restore and improve the function of ecosystem. Land reclamation and ecological restoration in mining areas should be carried out in parallel with mining activities, and according to the technical characteristics and natural environment of different mining periods, the corresponding reclamation or ecological restoration programs should be made in a timely manner, so as to avoid or reduce the damage to the environment and realize the integration of mining and ecological restoration.<br>According to the research progress of vegetation restoration at home and abroad, the restoration of vegetation in mining areas should adopt comprehensive engineering means to store and fix sand, bio-treatment to increase soil organic matter, microorganisms and surface vegetation, agricultural measures to afforestation, fruit planting and farming, so as to improve the soil structure and texture of the mine, and then screen the pioneer plants with high resistance or resistance, and establish secondary plant communities (associated plants, dominant populations, sub-dominant populations) and redevelop ecological landscapes.

In the process of mining, engineering measures should be taken to minimize the pollution and ecological harm to the surrounding environment and the downstream area, and reduce the difficulty of vegetation restoration. The slope protection and bank protection works, including the side slopes of the mining area steps, side slopes and highway and other ancillary works, shall be fully planned and constructed according to the schedule before mining, so as to prevent the occurrence of landslides and collapses in the mining area and highway, resulting in destructive vegetation damage. At the same time, it is also necessary to properly strengthen and heighten the river channel, dam and levee at the lower reaches of the mining area, and frequently clean up the silted up mud and gravel in the river bed, so as to prevent the flood from damaging the dam, farmland, roads, bridges, houses and other facilities. The comprehensive utilization of tailings is a very important link of mine pollution control. It can not only reduce the cost by recycling useful mineral elements, but also reduce the environmental pollution. Using waste ore and tailings as the filling material of the underground goaf can not only save the cost, but also avoid the occupation of land and reduce the water and soil loss.<br>Land reclamation and ecological restoration are the most effective way to solve the problem of mine environmental protection and comprehensive management. It mainly refers to the problems of land function degradation, ecological structure defect and functional imbalance caused by mining, through engineering, biological and other comprehensive measures to restore and improve the function of the ecosystem, and gradually realize the sustainable development of the mining area. The land reclamation and ecological restoration of the mining area should be carried out simultaneously with the mining activities. According to the technical characteristics and natural environment and other factors in different mining periods of the mine, the corresponding reclamation or ecological restoration scheme should be made in time to avoid or reduce the damage to the environment as much as possible and realize the integration of mining and ecological restoration.<br>According to the research progress of vegetation restoration at home and abroad, engineering measures should be taken to store water and fix sand, biological treatment should be taken to increase soil organic matter, microorganism and surface vegetation, agricultural measures should be taken to afforestation, fruit planting and farming, so as to improve the soil structure and texture of the mine, and then the pioneer plants with high tolerance or resistance should be selected to establish secondary plants based on the growth of pioneer plants Plant communities (associated plants, dominant population and sub dominant population) are to reconstruct the ecological landscape and gradually restore the mining area to forest land, orchard and cultivated land.<br>