The wave of species extinctions that occurred in North American about 11,000 years age, at the end of the Pleistocene era, can be directly attributed to the arrival of humans, i.e., the Paleoindians who were ancestors of modern Native Americans.However, anthropologist Shepard Krech points out that large animal species vanished even in areas where there is no evidence to demonstrate that Paleoindians hunted them. Nor were extinctions confined to large animals: small animals, plants, and insects disappeared, presumably not all through human consumption. It is also true that climatic change as an explanation by asserting that widespread climatic change indeed occur at the end of the Pleistocene should be taken into consideration.