The American Civil War was not formally addressed in any significant measure, except for a short summer field trip to Gettysburg’s battlefield. The rest of the Army’s advanced schools, particularly those located at Fort Leavenworth, Kansas, were making major efforts to include Civil War history in their curricula. The 1903 Root Reforms, an effort to increase efficiency and performance within the Army, had yet to reach West Point’s academic departments in any great measure by 1907.76