6.1. Personalization marketingBy exploiting big data from multiple sources, firms can deliver personalized product/service recommendations,coupons,andother promotional offers.Majorretailers such as Macy’s and Target use big data to analyze shoppers’ preferences and sentiments and improve their shopping experience. Innovative fintech firms have already started using social media data to assess the credit risk and financing needs of potential clients and provide new types of financial products for them. Banks are analyzing big data to increase revenue, boost retention of clients, and serve clients better. U.S. Bank, a major commercial bank in the U.S., deployed data analytics that integrate data from online and offline channels and provide a unified view of clients to enhance customer relation management. As a result, the bank’s lead conversion rate has improved by over 100% and clients have been able to receive more personalized experiences (The Financial Brand,2014).firms.