Extended Data Fig. 7 | Comparison of actual, expected and projected CWM trait change over time. Actual, expected and projected CWM trait changes are shown as solid coloured, solid black, and dashed or dotted lines, respectively. The expected trait change is calculated using the observed spatial temperature–trait relationship and the average rate of recent summer warming across all sites. Note that these projections assume no change in soil moisture conditions. The dotted and dashed black lines after 2015 show the projected trait change for the maximum (RCP8.5) and minimum (RCP2.6) IPCC carbon emission scenarios, respectively, from the HadGEM2 AO Global Circulation Model, given the expected temperature change associated with those scenarios. Points along the left axis of each panel show the distribution of present-day CWM per site (n = 117 sites) to better demonstrate the magnitude of projected change. Values are in original units (height (cm), LDMC (g g−1), leaf area (cm2), leaf nitrogen (mg g−1) and SLA (mm2 mg−1)).