Inclusion bodies were solubilized in 20 mM CAPS (3-(Cyclohexylamino)-1-propanesulfonic acid; Sigma-Aldrich C2632) pH 10 buffer. Te solution was centrifuged at 30,000 × g for 30min at 4°C, and the resulting supernatant was aliquotted and stored at −80°C. Cry proteins were trypsinized to generate a Cry protein active “core”. Briefly, bovine trypsin (Sigma-Aldrich; T1426) was added at 1:20 trypsin:protein ratio (w:w), and incubated at 30°C for 2hours. Cry protein was further purified by anion exchange chromatography using CAPS pH 10.0 binding buffer and elution with the same buffer containing 1M NaCl. Cry protein cores typically eluted with 0.3M NaCl. Purified protein was buffer exchanged to 50mM CAPS pH 10.0.