Despite the upsurge in research int

Despite the upsurge in research interests relating to developing low temperature sintering process, techno-economic analyses of CSP alongside existing sintering techniques such as traditional and Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS) is lacking. Understanding the potential techno economic impact of sintering techniques, manufacturing routes and materials composites is essential, and it is crucial that such an understanding commence at the design stage and/or at laboratory stage, not after they are fully scaled up or used. This research need is addressed in this paper using a robust techno-economic analysis framework derived from ranking mechanisms of marginal abatement cost curve (MACC) and Pareto optimisation. This allows us to classify sintering techniques into those that are able to reduce energy consumption and save money and those that may reduce energy consumption but require a net investment at the level of the laboratory.