Fixing the load resistance, feed flow rates and cell temperature results in either one or three intersections of the water production and water removal curves, corresponding to steady states. At a high load resistance and high temperature there is a single low current or “extinguished’’ steady state. At moderate load resistances and low temperatures, three steady states exist. In addition to the extinguished state, there exists a high current or “ignited’’ steady state, and an intermediate steady state.