We also examine the benefits not providedby nature, or benefit gaps, and the people whosewell-being may be compromised by inadequatewater quality regulation, coastal risk reduction,or pollination. These benefit gaps are the outcomes people will actually face and perceiveunless they are filled by other forms of capital,such as water treatment plants, sea walls, orhand pollination. Benefit gaps are what determine people’s well-being, the tangible component of nature’s contributions to people, but they donot by themselves reveal the role nature playsin contributing to that well-being.