With regard to hogging moments, steel reinforcingbars under tension and, once again, the end-plate andthe column flange under bending, as well as the columnweb panel subjected to shear forces, are considered duc-tile components, while beam flanges under compressionare assumed to be brittle. Brittle failure of bolts intension, before yield of the end-plate and/or of thecolumn flange, can be easily averted by satisfying thefollowing relation: