MeasuresSelf-Report QuestionnairesP

MeasuresSelf-Report QuestionnairesParticipants’ sense of loneliness was measured by using theUniversity of California, Los Angeles Loneliness scale (UCLA;Russell, 1996). The scale consisted of 20 items (e.g., ‘how oftendo you feel alone,’ ‘how often do you feel left out’) on four-pointscale (1 = never, 2 = rarely, 3 = sometimes, 4 = often). Higherscores indicate higher levels of loneliness. In the current study,the scores ranged from 22 to 66. The scale exhibited high internalconsistency, α = 0.889.To measure levels of self-esteem, participants were alsoinstructed to complete the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale(Rosenberg, 1965). The scale comprises 10 items on a four-pointscale. Higher scores indicate higher levels of self-esteem. Inthe current study, the scores ranged from 21 to 37. Internalconsistency of the scale was high (α = 0.814)