Hypothesis 3.—The effect of prior local adopters on scientists’ rate of transition to commercial science will decline as academic entrepreneurship gains acceptance in the scientific community.This expectation reflects the fact that even work settings comprising individuals who opposed entrepreneurial science will not have escaped the broader normative realignment of the scientific community. The same logic applies to the difference in individual transition rates between Ph.D. scientists in medical schools and those on the faculties of arts and sciencesFAS) departments. We anticipate