The current study involves several

The current study involves several limitations that should be considered. First, the study was undertaken in a relatively small sample of 20 healthy youngvolunteers. Further studies should examine frail elderly people and dysphagic patients to elucidate the relationship between tongue pressure and muscle fatigue, toinform indirect swallowing therapy for those patients. Second, we did not evaluate movements of hyoid and/or larynx that may be directly affected by the muscle contraction. Third, participants exerted TLM for 7 s with a 10-s rest period between trials and the order of TLM task was fixed; anterior and posterior. Future studies should investigate whether the interval was sufficient to allow for recovery from the effects of muscle fatigue and order. To address these questions, further studies will be needed.