The physical and chemical properties of red mud mainly include cation exchange and specific surface area. The cation exchange capacity of red mud is generally higher and the value is larger. The exchange volume is very large is 578.1me / kg soil, the smaller is 207.9me / kg soil, most is 250me / kg ~ 3000me / kg soil, its value is higher than expansive soil, kaolin is lower than illite and montmorillonite, It shows that the exchange volume of red mud is unstable. The specific surface area of red mud (specific surface area reflects the degree of dispersion of clay minerals and mineral crystals) lattice structure is relatively high, the maximum value is 186.9m2 / g, the minimum value is 64.09m2 / g