Due to the disruptive nature of RFI

Due to the disruptive nature of RFID, it is not commonly adopted in manufacturing industries until Walmart launched a mandate requiring its top 100 suppliers to used RFID tags on the cases or pallets of shipments in 2003. An RFID system includes tags and readers, application software, computing hardware, and middleware [27]. RFID allows the automated identification of products by embedding chips with wireless antennas into objects [28] and offers numerous advantages relative to barcodes. Among the advantages are the simultaneous reading of goods, absence of the constraint of line-of-sight tracking, storage of relevant information, and reusability [29]. RFID also dramatically changes the structure of work processes, such as order tracking and fulfillment as well as inventory control [28]. In particular, the tags can store and share relevant information over the Internet in real-time.Therefore, RFID adoption provides firms complete visibility of inventory movement along the supply chain leading to operational and strategic benefits [30]. Moreover, RFID provides real-time intelligence to organizations [31] and enables new business model (e.g., B-to-B e- commerce applications) [32].