he microbiota-immune interaction in liver diseasesSince the portal vein provides approximately 70% of the liver's blood supply, dysbiosis of the gut microbiota can therefore shape immune cell responses in the liver and is related to various liver diseases including NAFLD and ALD [80-85]. Salzman et al. believed that the negative effects of gut dysbiosis are accompanied by gut microbiota-mediated inflammation of the local mucosa that encourages mucosal immune dysfunction, thus contributing to NAFLD pathogenesis [86]. It is documented that certain gut microbiota members, including members of the Bifidobacterium genus, influence Treg development, whereas others, such as segmented filamentous bacteria (SFB), promote Th17 development [87-89]. These particular members of the microbiota are associated with liver diseases, along with immune-related biological processes, including activation of innate and adaptive immune responses, suppression of inflammatory cytokine production and inhibition of immune cell recruitment [90].The immune shift under the treatment of liver diseases: the r