鱼鳞坑种植是一种水土保持造林整地方法。为了减少水土流失，利用坡面凹处或

Fish scale pit planting is a method of soil and water conservation afforestation. In order to reduce soil erosion, make use of recesses on slopes or spaces with small platforms, use concrete or stone blocks to build up, or dig down into pits to form fish-shaped planting holes, and plant trees and vines in the guest soil in the holes. Economic forest trees can effectively prevent rainwater from washing and keep water and soil. <br>Fish scale pit planting can be used in mountainous areas with large slopes and uneven terrain, or when there is a shortage of labor and the season is eager to plant. It is characterized by low workload, easy construction, fast speed, light topsoil damage, and little soil erosion. It is easy to construct on concave and undulating non-high and steep slopes. It has the characteristics of water retention and drought resistance; but it is not convenient for farming For daily management, it is not suitable for steep slopes and smooth slopes. The greening effect is greatly affected by the slope conditions, and the greening effect is slow. <br>The specific method is: in the slope using a recess or a place with a small platform, first dig the pit according to the predetermined plant row spacing (85cm), the specifications can be length × width × height 80 cm × 80 cm × 80 cm or 80 cm × 80 cm × 60 cm, fill the ground with arbor shrubs and creeping plants. <br>By drilling holes in the rock slope surface, the rows of steel bars and the slope surface are included at an angle with concrete anchors embedded in the rock body, and the upper part is poured into a reinforced concrete slab to make it form a "V" or "U" shape with the rock slope surface. Then cover it with planting soil, planting shrubs and vines to make the slopes green. <br>Advantages: It can restore green on slopes with high hardness, smooth surface, steepness, which is not conducive to plant root embedding, good water and fertilizer retention performance, and less input cost than slopes with other similar conditions. Disadvantages: Construction difficulty and safety risk are greater. Problems such as weathering of slopes and corrosion of steel bars after planting for a period of time may cause local collapse, which has great potential safety hazards. It is not applicable in places where people live or move, such as roads and houses. And other buildings around. <br>3.5.4 Planting concrete greening <br>Planting concrete greening refers to a new type of technology that uses specific concrete and mixed plant seed formulations to protect and green rock slopes. It is suitable for the protection and greening of high and steep rock slopes greater than 60°. It uses cement as a binder, plus vegetation concrete greening additives, sandy loam, plant seeds, fertilizers and water.<br>The advantage is that the use of cement can increase the strength of slope protection and improve the ability to resist rain erosion, can quickly create external conditions suitable for plant growth, can play a good role in the protection of rock slopes, and at the same time solve the problem of rapid greening With the joint action of concrete, vegetation and substrate, the erosion resistance of the substrate has been greatly improved, effectively ensuring the stable and rapid growth of vegetation and the stability of the ecosystem. And the technology has a high degree of mechanization and a large production capacity. The construction uses a dry-type anchor sprayer for spraying. The spray distance is long. The spray layer has a certain strength and is not easy to crack. The anti-erosion ability is strong. It is especially suitable for steep rock slopes. . <br>3.5.5 Summary There <br>are many methods of mine greening. In actual application, different treatment methods need to be selected according to the specific conditions of mine management. A variety of mine greening methods are used in combination. Different greening methods are selected for different types of slopes. To achieve the best greening effect.

鱼鳞坑种植是一种水土保持造林整地方法。为了减少水土流失，利用坡面凹处或有小平台的空间，采用混凝土或石块向上垒砌，或向下挖成坑，形成鱼鳞状的种植穴，在穴内客土栽植乔木和藤本植物或经济类林木，能有效防止雨水冲刷，保持水土。<br>鱼鳞坑栽植可在坡度较大、地形不整齐的山地，或劳动力一时缺乏又赶季节急于种植时采用。其特点是工作量少，施工容易，速度快，表土层破坏轻，水土流失少，在有凹处、起伏的非高陡边坡修筑，简单易行，具有保水抗旱的特点；但不方便耕作及日常管理，在陡坡、平滑的坡面不适用，绿化效果受坡面状况影响较大，绿化效果较慢。<br>具体做法是：在边坡利用凹处或有小平台的地方，先按预定的株行距（85cm）定点挖坑，规格可以是长×宽×高80厘米×80厘米×80厘米或80厘米×80厘米×60厘米，在坑内填土种植乔灌木及爬藤类植物。<br>通过在岩石坡面上钻孔，将成排钢筋与坡面呈一夹角用混凝土锚固嵌入岩体，上部浇筑成钢筋混凝土板，使之与岩石坡面呈“V”或“U”字型，然后在里面覆种植土，种植灌木和藤蔓等植物，使坡面达到绿化效果。<br>优点:可以对硬度大、表面平滑、较陡、不利于植物根系嵌入的坡面进行复绿，保水保肥性能较好，投入成本与其他类似条件的坡面相比较少。缺点:施工难度和安全风险较大，种植一段时间以后的坡面风化、钢筋腐蚀等问题可能造成局部坍塌，有很大的安全隐患，在有人们居住或者活动的地方不适用，如公路、房屋等建筑周边。<br>3.5.4 植生混凝土绿化<br>植生混凝土绿化是指采用特定混凝土和混合植物种子配方，对岩质边坡进行防护和绿化的一种新型技术。适用于大于60°的高陡岩质边坡防护和绿化，以水泥为粘结剂、加上植被混凝土绿化添加剂、沙壤土、植物种子、肥料和水等组成喷射混合料进行护坡绿化。<br>优点是采用水泥可以增大护坡强度，提高抗雨水冲刷的能力，能够迅速营造出适合植物生长的外界条件，在岩石边坡防护上能发挥很好的作用，同时较好地解决了快速绿化问题，有了混凝土、植被与基材的共同作用，基材的抗侵蚀性得到了大幅度的提升，有效保障植被稳定而又迅速的生长以及生态系统的稳定性。且该技术机械化程度高，生产能力大，施工采用干式喷锚机进行喷播，喷射距离远，喷射层有一定的强度且不易产生龟裂，抗冲刷能力强，特别适用于陡峭岩石边坡。<br>3.5.5总结<br>矿山复绿方法众多，在实际应用中需要根据治理矿山的具体情况选用不同的治理方法，采用多种矿山复绿方法进行组合，针对不同类型的边坡，选用不同的复绿方式，以期实现最佳绿化效果。

Fish scale pit planting is a soil and water conservation afforestation method. In order to reduce water and soil loss, the concave part of slope or the space with small platform shall be used to build upward with concrete or stone, or dig downward into a pit to form a fish scale planting hole, and arbors, lianas or economic trees shall be planted in the guest soil in the hole, which can effectively prevent rain erosion and conserve water and soil.<br>Fish scale pit planting can be used in mountainous areas with large slope and irregular terrain, or when the labor force is short for a while and eager to plant in the season. It is characterized by less workload, easy construction, fast speed, light damage of topsoil layer, less water and soil loss. It is easy to build on the non high and steep slope with concave and rolling, and has the characteristics of water conservation and drought resistance. However, it is not convenient for farming and daily management, and it is not suitable for use on the steep and smooth slope. The greening effect is greatly affected by the slope conditions, and the greening effect is slow.<br>The specific method is as follows: in the place where the concave part or small platform is used for the slope, the pit shall be dug at a fixed point according to the predetermined plant row spacing (85CM), the specification can be l × w × h 80cm × 80cm × 80cm or 80cm × 80cm × 60cm, and the pit shall be filled with earth to plant trees, shrubs and climbing rattan plants.<br>Through drilling holes on the rock slope, the steel bars in rows are embedded into the rock mass at an included angle with the slope surface by concrete anchoring, and the upper part is poured into reinforced concrete slab, so that it is V or U-shaped with the rock slope surface, and then the soil is covered inside, shrubs, vines and other plants are planted, so as to achieve the greening effect of the slope surface.<br>Advantages: it can be used to re green slopes with high hardness, smooth and steep surface, which is not conducive to the embedding of plant roots. It has better water and fertilizer conservation performance and less investment cost compared with other similar conditions. Disadvantages: the construction is difficult and the safety risk is large. The weathering of slope surface and corrosion of steel bars after planting for a period of time may cause local collapse, which has a great potential safety hazard. It is not applicable in places where people live or move, such as around buildings such as roads and houses.<br>3.5.4 planting concrete greening<br>Planting concrete greening is a new technology to protect and afforest rock slope by using specific concrete and mixed plant seed formula. It is suitable for the protection and greening of high and steep rock slope with the angle of more than 60 °. The cement is used as the binder, and the green additive of vegetation concrete, sandy loam, plant seeds, fertilizer and water are used as the spray mixture for slope protection and greening.<br>The advantages of cement are that it can increase the strength of slope protection, improve the ability of resistance to rain erosion, quickly create external conditions suitable for plant growth, play a good role in rock slope protection, and solve the problem of rapid greening. With the joint action of concrete, vegetation and base material, the resistance of base material to erosion has been greatly improved and effectively guaranteed The stable and rapid growth of vegetation and the stability of ecosystem. The technology has high mechanization degree and large production capacity. The dry-type shotcreting and anchoring machine is used for shotcreting. The shotcreting layer has a certain strength and is not easy to produce cracks. It has strong anti scour ability, and is especially suitable for steep rock slope.<br>3.5.5 summary<br>There are many methods of Mine Re greening. In practical application, it is necessary to select different methods of Mine Re greening according to the specific situation of the mine, to combine them, and to select different ways of re greening for different types of slopes, so as to achieve the best greening effect.<br>