4.2 Abbreviated terms alternating current battery control unit battery electric vehicle beginning of life capacity, expressed in ampere hours (Ah) current rate equal to n times the one hour discharge capacity expressed in ampere (e.g. 3C is equal to three times the 1 h current discharge rate, expressed in ampere)direct currentdevice under testEnd-of-discharge-voltageEuropean Council for Automotive Researchfuel cell vehiclehybrid electric vehicleInternational Electrotechnical CommissionInternational Organization for StandardizationlithiumLi-ion lithium-ionOpen Circuit Voltageplug-in hybrid electric vehiclepower spectral densityrechargeable energy storage systemroot mean squareroom temperature (25 ± 2) °Cstandard cyclestandard chargestandard dischargestate of chargeUnited States Advanced Battery Consortium