Taking the background value as the

Taking the background value as the reference value, the evaluation results of potential ecological hazards of heavy metals in soil samples are shown in Table 6: the Ei evaluation results of four heavy metals in Zhoucun District are all low hazard grades, and the Ei of each district are the largest in Cd. The toxicity coefficient indirectly reflects its harm to environment and human beings. The RI of Zhoucun District is the smallest, the RI of Zichuan District is the largest, the RI of Zhangdian District is close to that of Boshan District, and the evaluation results are of medium hazard grade. The specific order is Zichuan District > Zhangdian District > Boshan > Zhoucun District. The above results show that compared with the background value, there are some potential ecological hazard risks of soil heavy metals in the study area.