With its broad-spectrum and high-efficiency bactericidal properties, as well as the characteristics of wide application range, good water solubility, stable properties, safety and low toxicity, it has become one of the leading directions in the development of international killing products. It has been widely used in the fields of medicine, food, cosmetics, textiles, oil fields and industrial water treatment, and has also made some progress in applied research in the leather and wood industries. Hydrophobic alkyl groups can interact with the hydrophilic group of bacteria, change the permeability of the membrane, and then lysis occurs, destroying the cell structure, causing cell lysis and death. The cation absorbs negatively charged bacteria through the electrostatic force, hydrogen bonding force, and the water transport between the surfactant molecule and the protein molecule, and gathers on the cell wall, causing a chamber resistance effect, which leads to the growth of the bacteria and death.