When the communication range of sensor nodes is increased, the network lifetime will increase slightly for all algorithms. Although the energy consumed by each data packet is proportional to the communication range of the sensor node, the total energy demand for transmitting data packets is reduced due to the reduction in the number of intermediate nodes. Therefore, the normalized lifetime shows improvement when the communication range of the sensor node is increased. In summary, the experiment verified the effectiveness and superiority of the deployment strategy by optimizing different morphological functions.
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