The geopolymer plain concrete and reinforced concrete short columns were tested in a constant temperature and humidity room, and the influence of strength grade, stress ratio, and reinforcement on the creep performance of geopolymer concrete was considered. The results show that increasing the concrete strength grade or the reinforcement ratio can reduce the creep coefficient of the concrete column. When the stress ratio is 0.2 and 0.3, the concrete has a consistent creep coefficient and is in the linear creep stage. Six creep models are compared and analyzed. The calculation results of each model are quite different from the creep test results of geopolymer concrete columns. Based on the aging theory method, according to the concrete deformation calculation formula and the force balance condition and deformation coordination condition between the concrete and the steel bar, the concrete creep coefficient calculation formula considering the influence of the steel bar is deduced. The theoretical calculated value is in good agreement with the measured data.